Basic Linux commands for beginners – User friendly Tech help

Scenario:- What are some of basic commands one should know when moving from windows enviornment to linux(say ubuntu)?

n

Solution:- Its a learning experience when moving from mouse click(windows) to terminal evniornment(ubuntu)

n

We are trying to cover some the very basic commands, please feel free to add more from experience as comments to this post, as its said

n

If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else ..

n

1.Sudo(Run as adminstator in windows) – sudo command executes a command with administrative privileges (root-user administrative level), which is necessary
nexample sudo mkdir test 
n

nn

2.mkdir(new folder), creates new working directory in the selected location 
n
n3.pwd, tells the current working directory
n
n4. ls, list all the files in the given folder 
n
n5.ll, another form of listing the items try it out
n
n6.Editing a file :-

n

n
• Open file sudo vi filename

n

• press ESC

n

• press i (for inserting values into file)

n

• move cursor the position where editing need to be done

n

• edit

n

• type :wq (to write and quit the file after saving)

n

n

7.Change to root user, sudo -s

n

8.Rename a file by using move, sudo mv “oldfilename” “new file name”

n

9.clear, for clearing the terminal

n

10. Most important how to launch terminal, press ALT+SHIFT+T

n

11.How to open new tab in terminal, CTRL+SHIFT+T

n

12.Get to know the existing used commands in terminal, use history in terminal 

nn

13.Launch background screen when remote into linux box using ssh
nFor example we used ssh userName@IP to remote into linux box, now we want to run an new terminal instance apart from the login window instance. We can use “screen -R Name” command to achieve this.
na)We can shift to main terminal by “CTRL+SHIFT+A” than press “D”. b) Move back to secondary terminal any time even our original session is broken by screen -R terminalName

n

c)list all the present screens, screen -ls 

nd)kill the instance of screenn

screen -X -S screenId kill

n

n

14.How to move directory from local machine to remote machine? Using secure copy command as below

n

scp -r ./localpath remoteuser@remoteIP(10.0.0.34):/home/remotepath

n
n-r means recursive copyn

15.How to check the file system size in human readable form?
ndf -h 

n

16. How to search a given file in all the computer directories?
nfind / | grep filename 

n

17. Check that given process is running?
nps ax | grep processname

n

18.Open the big file to show only last 100 lines?
ntail -n 100 filename

n

19.Open a given file showing the updated view each time when new content is appended?
ntail -f filename

n

20. Download code or file directly from given server?
nwget https://jmeter-plugins.org/downloads/file/ServerAgent-2.2.1.zip
n
n21.Change file permission for folder for given user?

n

chown userName -R folderName

n

22. How to check application running on given port?
nlsof -i :portNo
nlsof -i :3000

n
n23.Findfile with given extension (mac terminal)?

n

find ~ -type f -name ‘*.log’

n

24. Change ownership permissions for all folders insides current directory?

n

chown -R ownerName:groupName .

n

More Examples