Basic Linux commands for beginners – User friendly Tech help

Scenario:- What are some of basic commands one should know when moving from windows enviornment to linux(say ubuntu)?

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Solution:- Its a learning experience when moving from mouse click(windows) to terminal evniornment(ubuntu)

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We are trying to cover some the very basic commands, please feel free to add more from experience as comments to this post, as its said

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If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else ..

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1.Sudo(Run as adminstator in windows) – sudo command executes a command with administrative privileges (root-user administrative level), which is necessary
nexample sudo mkdir test 
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2.mkdir(new folder), creates new working directory in the selected location 
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n3.pwd, tells the current working directory
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n4. ls, list all the files in the given folder 
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n5.ll, another form of listing the items try it out
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n6.Editing a file :-

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• Open file sudo vi filename

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• press ESC

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• press i (for inserting values into file)

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• move cursor the position where editing need to be done

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• edit

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• type :wq (to write and quit the file after saving)

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7.Change to root user, sudo -s

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8.Rename a file by using move, sudo mv “oldfilename” “new file name”

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9.clear, for clearing the terminal

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10. Most important how to launch terminal, press ALT+SHIFT+T

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11.How to open new tab in terminal, CTRL+SHIFT+T

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12.Get to know the existing used commands in terminal, use history in terminal 

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13.Launch background screen when remote into linux box using ssh
nFor example we used ssh [email protected] to remote into linux box, now we want to run an new terminal instance apart from the login window instance. We can use “screen -R Name” command to achieve this.
na)We can shift to main terminal by “CTRL+SHIFT+A” than press “D”. b) Move back to secondary terminal any time even our original session is broken by screen -R terminalName

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c)list all the present screens, screen -ls 

nd)kill the instance of screenn

screen -X -S screenId kill

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14.How to move directory from local machine to remote machine? Using secure copy command as below

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scp -r ./localpath [email protected](10.0.0.34):/home/remotepath

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n-r means recursive copyn

15.How to check the file system size in human readable form?
ndf -h 

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16. How to search a given file in all the computer directories?
nfind / | grep filename 

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17. Check that given process is running?
nps ax | grep processname

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18.Open the big file to show only last 100 lines?
ntail -n 100 filename

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19.Open a given file showing the updated view each time when new content is appended?
ntail -f filename

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20. Download code or file directly from given server?
nwget https://jmeter-plugins.org/downloads/file/ServerAgent-2.2.1.zip
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n21.Change file permission for folder for given user?

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chown userName -R folderName

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22. How to check application running on given port?
nlsof -i :portNo
nlsof -i :3000

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n23.Findfile with given extension (mac terminal)?

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find ~ -type f -name ‘*.log’

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24. Change ownership permissions for all folders insides current directory?

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chown -R ownerName:groupName .

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More Examples